Fig. 5: Ground-based measurements statistics related to the electromagnetic power of superbolts.
From: Electromagnetic power of lightning superbolts from Earth to space
Statistics of superbolt ground measurements from (blue) ECLAIR and (red) from both ECLAIR and MTRG stations compared with (green) the normalized statistics of regular lightning flashes measured by ECLAIR ground stations (from 3349 events and normalized to the maximum of superbolt statistics): a peak current estimate, b discharge rise time (time from 50 to 90% of peak), c discharge decay time, from maximum of the first peak to zero, d maximum electric field of the ground wave scaled to 100 km (using fits from Fig. 4), and e ground squared electric field, averaged over 1.5 ms. Notable findings are the symmetry of the superbolt’s discharge on the ground (c, b), peak current and electric field ~10 times larger than normal lightning (a, d), ground mean EM field squared about 100 times larger than for normal lightning (e).
