Fig. 5: Place cells active at the beginning of the trajectory toward the reward fired at earlier theta phases in correct trials than in error trials.
From: Hippocampal place cell sequences differ during correct and error trials in a spatial memory task

The probability of observing a spike at different theta phases for spikes from place cells with fields located at early, middle, or late locations in the trajectory is shown for each trial type (2-way ANOVA Harrison–Kanji test for population means of circular data, effect of trial type x cell category interaction: χ2(6) = 21.8, p = 0.001, n = 19428 spikes; for comparison of theta phases of “Early” cells between correct and error trials, 2-way ANOVA Harrison-Kanji test for population means, significant main effect of trial type (i.e., correct vs. error) for cells that fired early in the sequence: χ2(2) = 7.8, p = 0.02, n = 8044 spikes). Phase estimates were only obtained from spikes within the place cell sequences detected from 10 to 5 locations before the goal.