Fig. 5: JUMONJI demethylases are required for normal heat response under fluctuating temperature conditions.

a Locations of cities in Japan whose temperature conditions were mimicked to provide a set of naturally varying growth conditions. Red, orange, green, blue, and purple dots represent Tsubetsu, Sendai, Nara, Miyazaki, and Naha, respectively. b Schematic representation of the temperature conditions. Time points for phenotyping are indicated by colored dots. c Quantification of chlorophyll contents of plants grown under the five conditions shown in Fig. 5b. Sample minimum (lower bar); lower quartile (box); median (middle line); upper quartile (box); and sample maximum (upper bar). Colored dots and white circles represent the chlorophyll contents of individual samples and statistical outliers, respectively. A two-tailed Student’s t test; *p < 0.05). d Venn diagram showing the overlaps between genes downregulated in jmjq under the lab and Nara conditions. e Expression heatmap of genes downregulated in jmjq mutants under the Nara condition. White asterisks indicate significant differences between WT and jmjq grown under the same conditions or between pER8::JMJ30 transgenic plants in the jmjq mutant background subjected to β-estradiol application before acclimation and before heat shock. The FDR was <0.05. f qRT-PCR verification of the HSP22 (left) and HSP17.6C (right) transcript levels in the wild type and jmjq grown under the Nara conditions. Gray dots represent the expression levels of individual samples. Asterisks indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) between the wild type and jmjq at the same time point based on a two-tailed Student’s t test. g Mathematical model prediction for HSP22 expression under the Nara condition. h JMJ30-HA levels in the wild type and pJMJ30::JMJ30-HA (h), as determined by ChIP-qPCR. Gray dots represent the expression levels of individual samples. A two-tailed Student’s t test between the wild type and jmjq or the pJMJ30::JMJ30-HA line at the same time point; *p < 0.05. i Quantification of chlorophyll contents in wild-type and hsp22 hsp17.6c plants grown under the Nara condition. One-way ANOVA test; *p < 0.05. Different letters indicate significant differences based on a post-hoc Tukey’s HSD test (p < 0.05). NS, nonsignificant. n > 9.