Fig. 3: Design method of vectorial hologram using PB phase-based pixelated metasurfaces.

a Polarization ellipse and Poincare sphere representing polarization states with different azimuth ψ and ellipticity χ angles. Polarization states I to IX are experimentally demonstrated. b Two types of meta-atom groups to generate outgoing RCP and LCP with arbitrary phase. c Schematic of the metasurfaces that are composed of two different sized meta-atoms exhibiting color prints and pixelated for vectorial holographic devices. The initial phase difference between two different sized meta-atoms is compensated and the subpixels at each superpixel are randomly ordered to remove the unwanted grating effect. d Realization of the arbitrary polarization states by changing the relative phase and amplitude between RCP and LCP. On the Poincaré sphere, the longitudinal and latitudinal variation is modulated by arbitrary phase and amplitude of two circular polarizations. e Experimental demonstration of the hologram images carrying nine different polarization states. Each holographic image is blocked by the corresponding combination of wave retarder and polarizer.