Fig. 4: Genetic loci associated with the content of sucrose, glucose, and fructose affecting peach fruit sweetness.

GWAS results from analyses of data for sucrose (a), glucose (b), and fructose (c) content in 2017, respectively. The horizontal lines depict the Bonferroni-adjusted significance threshold (red) and Permutation threshold (blue) in the Manhattan plot. The indicated PVE (phenotypic variance explanation) value is for the lead SNP at the major locus for each trait. The green bar at the bottom of each Manhattan plot represents previously reported QTLs27, 68, 129 overlapping the major loci of these three traits. d Reduced nucleotide diversity (θπ) in the specific genome region, corresponding to the major locus of fructose content on Chr1, of the ILs, ECs, and WCs, as compared to PLs. e Representation of fruit sugar profiles in the different peach types representing the course of peach improvement (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 in two-sided Student’s t-tests). Among the four examined sugars, only fructose content has been significantly elevated during peach improvement. The scaled value of sugar content is shown at the right side.