Fig. 5: Identification of PpERDL16 and its contribution to increased fructose accumulation during peach improvement. | Nature Communications

Fig. 5: Identification of PpERDL16 and its contribution to increased fructose accumulation during peach improvement.

From: Population-scale peach genome analyses unravel selection patterns and biochemical basis underlying fruit flavor

Fig. 5

a Two significantly associated haplotype blocks of the major GWAS locus for fructose content. The horizontal lines depict the Bonferroni-adjusted significance threshold (red) and Permutation threshold (blue) in the Manhattan plot (top). The two significantly associated haplotype blocks are represented by red triangles surrounding black lines in the heatmap (bottom). The 13 protein-coding genes (including PpERDL16 in red) in these two haplotype blocks are shown as colored arrows. b A significantly negative correlation between fructose content and the PpERDL16 expression level in 37 peach accessions. Data were presented as the mean ± SD. Significance was tested with two-sided Student’s t-tests. c Confocal imaging of tonoplast localization of the transiently expressed PpERDL16-GFP fusion protein in tobacco leaf cells using the Atγ-TIP-mCherry fusion protein as the positive control. Three independent experiments were performed with similar results. Scale bar, 20 μm. d Significantly reduced levels of both the glucose (left) and fructose (middle) content in peach mesocarp tissues transiently overexpressing (TOE) PpERDL16 (right). Fruit mesocarps transiently transformed with the empty vector were used as controls (CK). FW fresh weight. The number (n) of each independent experiment are shown below. Data were presented as the mean ± SD. Significance was tested with two-sided Student’s t-tests. e Gene structure and haplotypes of PpERDL16 among peach (P. persica) accessions, as well as P. kansuensis accessions. The frequency for each haplotype is calculated for the P. persica accessions. f The distribution of the fructose content of each haplotype type was displayed in the box plot. Multiple comparison was conducted using least sgnificant difference (LSD) test. In the box plots, central line: median values; bounds of box: 25th and 75th percentiles; whiskers: 1.5 * IQR (IQR: the interquartile range between the 25th and 75th percentile). g The frequency distribution of PpERDL16 haplotypes (Hap1–5) in different types of P. persica accessions (ornamental peaches, PLs, ILs, ECs, and WCs). The different colored portions in each pie chart represent the percentage of different haplotypes. The percentage values of Hap4 and Hap5 exhibiting higher fructose content were displayed. Source data underlying Fig. 5b–g are provided as a Source Data file.

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