Fig. 6: TcpC is an E3 ligase that promotes ubiquitination of PAD4.

a, b Bioinformatics prediction of ubiquitination functional sites in amino acid sequences of human PAD4 (NCBI Reference Sequence: BAA84542.1) and mouse PAD4 (NCBI Reference Sequence: NP_035191.2). c Co-immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting analyses of ubiquitination of PAD4 in human neutrophils. Western blot data are representative of three independent experiments, n = 3. d Gray scale analyses of the ubiquitin/PAD4 from experiments as described in c. Mean ± SD of three independent experiments were shown. p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 were considered to be statistically significant and extremely significant respectively. e In vitro ubiquitination kit to examine the PAD4-targeted E3 activity of rTcpC, western blot data is representative of three independent experiments, n = 3. p-values were derived by Dunnett and Mann–Whitney multiple comparison tests. All western blots in panels c, e are provided as uncropped blots in Gels and Blots of Source Data file. Source data for panel d are provided in the separate Source Data file.