Fig. 6: Modeling kidney development and disease using mouse and human UB organoids.

a Schematic of Ret/RET gene knockout procedures in the mouse or human UB organoid. b Bright field images showing the branching morphogenesis of mouse UB organoids 2 days (Day 2) and 6 days (Day 6) after lentiviral infection. Scale bars, 200 µm. c Whole-mount immunostaining of the control or Ret KO mouse UB organoids for UB markers GATA3 and RET after 6 days of lentiviral infection. Arrow heads indicate the few RET⁺ cells in the Ret KO organoids. Lower panels represent the boxed region in the upper panels. Scale bars, upper panels, 200 µm; lower panels, 40 µm. d Quantification of percentages of cells stained positive for RET in Fig. 6c. Each column represents counts from three different fields of view (n = 3). e qRT-PCR analyses of the control mouse UB organoids (blue and orange) and Ret KO mouse UB organoids (gray and yellow) for various UB markers 6 days after lentiviral infection. f Bright field images showing the branching morphogenesis of human iUB organoids 3 (Day 3) and 12 days (Day 12) after lentiviral infection. Scale bars, 200 µm. g Whole-mount immunostaining of the control or RET KO human iUB organoids for UB markers PAX2 and RET 12 days after lentiviral infection. Arrow heads indicate the few RET⁺ cells in the RET KO organoids. Scale bars, 40 µm. See also Supplementary Fig. 7a–f for images of individual fluorescent channels. h Quantification of percentages of human iUB cells stained positive for RET in Fig. 6g. Each column represents counts from three different fields of view (n = 3). i qRT-PCR analyses of the control human iUB organoids (blue and orange) and RET KO iUB organoids (gray and yellow) for various UB markers as indicated 12 days after lentiviral infection. All data are presented as mean ± s.d. In d, e, h, i, the significance was determined by two-tailed unpaired Student’s t tests; n = 3. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.