Fig. 5: Minimization and circular permutation of the Chili aptamer.

a Mutations and truncation of the stems P1 and P2 of the parent Chili RNA are well tolerated. Fluorescence intensities of the corresponding Chili–DMHBI+ complexes, upon incubation for 5 min and 24 h, relative to the parent complex. (1 µM RNA and ligand). n = 3 independent experiments, mean ± SD. b Secondary structures of the circularly permuted Chili aptamer and µChili. c Titration curves of DMHBI+ (0.1 µM) with increasing RNA concentration demonstrate tight binding. KD = 68 nM for P1A-3 and 89 nM for µChili, respectively. Normalized fluorescence intensity is plotted versus RNA concentration. Data were presented as mean values ± SD (n = 3 independent titration experiments).