Fig. 4: The relationship between community characteristics of middle super output areas (MSOAs) in England and excess mortality from 1 March to 31 May 2020 compared to the same period for the preceding five years.
From: Community factors and excess mortality in first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in England
Proportional increase in death rates shown as rate ratios (data are presented as posterior mean with 95% credible intervals) for quintiles of the distributions relative to lowest quintile. Males, n = 88,092 deaths in study period (1 March–31 May 2020), 296,985 deaths in comparison period (1 March–31 May, 2015–2019); females, n = 86,235 deaths in study period (1 March–31 May 2020), 310,220 deaths in comparison period (1 March–31 May, 2015–2019). A Univariable relationship between each characteristic and excess mortality, numerical values reported in Supplementary Table 4; B Multivariable relationship between characteristic and excess mortality after adjustment for the other characteristics, numerical values reported in Supplementary Table 6.
