Fig. 6: Fermentation results of the engineered strains for fatty acid ester production.

a BA production in serum bottles using glucose (FJ-1201 and FJ-1301) or biomass hydrolysates (FJ-1201 (H)) as the substrate. Data are presented as mean values ± SD (n = 3). b BA fermentation kinetics in FJ-1201 in 500 mL bioreactor using glucose as the substrate. c BA fermentation kinetics in FJ-1201 in 500 mL bioreactor using biomass hydrolysates as the substrate. d BB production in serum bottles using glucose (FJ-1202, FJ-1203, and FJ-1204) or biomass hydrolysates (FJ-1202 (H)) as the substrate. Data are presented as mean values ± SD (n = 3). e BB fermentation kinetics in FJ-1202 in 500 mL bioreactor using glucose as the substrate. f BB fermentation kinetics in FJ-1202 in 500 mL bioreactor using biomass hydrolysates as the substrate. For fermentations with bioreactors, a single set of fermentation was initially carried out with each of the engineered strains due to the limited availability of biomass hydrolysates. When more biomass hydrolysates became available, the composition (primarily the glucose:xylose ratio) of the new biomass hydrolysates was very different from the previous ones that were used; thus, no further replication of the fermentations with bioreactors was conducted. BA: butyl acetate, BB: butyl butyrate, Eth: ethanol, But: butanol. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.