Fig. 5: PHB promotes GSC radio-resistance.

a–d Nude mice (nu/nu) were intracranially implanted with GSCs (a, b, 4121 GSCs; c, d 387 GSCs) transduced with Luciferase/Tet-on-inducible-shPHB. Mice were randomly grouped (n = 6 for each group) and treated with control, IR (3 Gy, once a week, 4 times), DOX (2 mg/ml in drinking water), or the combined treatment from day 19 (a, b) or day 14 (c, d) after implantation, as shown by schematic representation (a, c top). GBM xenografts were tracked by bioluminescence and the representative images are shown (a, c bottom). Bioluminescent quantifications of tumor growth are shown (a, c right, mean ± SEM, unpaired two-sided Student’s t-test). Kaplan–Meier survival plots of mice are shown (b, d; Log-rank Mantel–Cox test). e IF staining of Tunel (top) or cleaved-caspase3 (bottom) in GBM xenografts from (c) are shown (left). Quantifications of Tunel+ or cleaved-caspase3+ cells are shown (right) (mean ± SD, n = 5, biologically independent samples, Unpaired two-sided Student’s t-test). Scale bars, 40 μm. f, g The peroxide levels, as indicated by DCFDA fluorescence, were measured by flow cytometry in 4121 GSCs with indicated treatments. IR, 3 Gy for 48 h (f) or 72 h (g) (mean ± SD, n = 3, biologically independent experiments, Welch’s two-sided t-test). h Cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry in 4121 GSCs with indicated treatments. IR, 3 Gy for 48 h (left) or 72 h (right). i IB showing levels of cleaved-PARP, cleaved-caspaspe3, caspase3, and PHB in GSCs with indicated treatments. IR, 3 Gy for 48 h (left) or 72 h (right). Source data are provided as Source Data file.