Fig. 6: Data–model agreement scores for lower Cambrian lithology data and FOAM GCM simulations, incorporating palaeogeographic uncertainty of 200 km.

The scores compare Köppen–Geiger climate classes assigned to climatically sensitive rock types with the climate classes produced under each GCM simulation, following the agreement scoring equation of ref. 49 (see ‘Methods’). Simulations were run with present-day orbital parameters.