Fig. 3: Proposed PL and RL mechanism.

a Luminescent spectra of thick Mn15% film under the excitations of X-ray, 320 nm laser or both. The inset shows the measurement system focused on the same point. b PL and RL intensity of Mn15% with various reaction parameters under different excitations of X-ray, 310 nm, and 385 nm, respectively. c Proposed PL and RL mechanisms including STE, ET, and impact excitation.