Fig. 6: Molecular responses of human and mouse astrocytes to hypoxia.

a Experimental design. b, c Volcano plots of genes that significantly differ between hypoxia and control conditions. Each red dot represents a significantly different gene. FDR, false discovery rate. FC, fold change. RPKM, Reads Per Kilobase of transcript, per Million mapped reads. d, e The number of significantly up or downregulated genes in hypoxia-treated human and mouse astrocytes. Genes with FDR < 0.05, fold change > 1.5, and average RPKM of control or treated groups > 1 are shown. Genes in the overlapping regions are those meeting all three criteria in both species. f Top shared gene ontology (GO) terms enriched in hypoxia-induced genes in human and mouse astrocytes ranked by FDR. g Development-associated GO terms enriched only in hypoxia-induced genes in mouse but not human astrocytes. h–o Expression of genes associated with the GO term nervous system development in control and hypoxia-treated human and mouse astrocytes. N = 4 litters of mice and 4 human patients. Mouse: Ndnf, p = 0.002; Bmp4, p = 0.0015; Epha5, p = 0.0003; Cadm3, p = 0.0001. Multiple comparison-adjusted p values were calculated by the DESeq2 package. N.S., not significant.