Fig. 5: Fecal Fibrinogen, MMP-8, PGRP-S, and TIMP-2 track with PUCAI and PGA indices in 50 UC patients from the PROTECT cohort followed up at 4 serial visits.

A Expression of 4 selected stool proteins along with PUCAI and PGA disease severity index scores are plotted for each patient (total N = 50 UC patients from the PROTECT cohort). The X-axis shows the four-time points, whereas Y-axis shows the log-transformed values of stool makers, PUCAI, and PGA disease severity scores. B Biomarker panels that best predict concurrent disease activity (PGA Index at Week 4 follow up) were determined using elastic-net regularized logistic regression, after adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, and medication use. The best panel comprises stool Calprotectin, Haptoglobin, Hemoglobin, PGRP-S, and Resistin, with an accuracy of 0.76 and AUC of 0.80 (95% CI: 0.68–0.93). Indeed, this prediction accuracy increases to 0.80, when the model is further adjusted for the PGA score at baseline.