Fig. 4: Millennium-scale changes in ACC strength compared to paleoclimatic records over the last 60 ka. | Nature Communications

Fig. 4: Millennium-scale changes in ACC strength compared to paleoclimatic records over the last 60 ka.

From: Orbital- and millennial-scale Antarctic Circumpolar Current variability in Drake Passage over the past 140,000 years

Fig. 4

a Oxygen isotope record from North Greenland Ice Core Project (NGRIP, δ18O vs. VSMOW)70. b Bermuda Rise 231Pa/230Th proxy for the AMOC strength44,59,60. c Saturation index as a proxy for reconstructed carbonate saturation changes in the South Atlantic49. d \(\overline{{{{\rm{SSFS}}}}}\) as flow speed proxies for the current strength (three-point smoothing, this study) and the transferred ACC flow speeds. e Relative abundance of diatom winter sea ice indicator Fragilariopsis curta group (F. curta + F. cylindrus) with three-point smoothing22,67. The group abundance >3% indicates the presence of winter sea ice22,67. f Synchronized ice-core atmospheric pCO245. g δ18O time series from the EDML ice core45. Vertical gray bars mark inferred millennial-scale ACC peaks that correspond with millennial-scale temperature maxima in Antarctica (AIM) and Heinrich events (H) in Greenland.

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