Fig. 1: Examples of common fluorine reagents applied in asymmetric fluorinations.

a Asymmetric fluorinations using electrophilic fluorine (F+) reagents. b Asymmetric fluorinations using nucleophilic fluorine (F−) reagents. c The first example of using BF3·Et2O as F− Reagent for asymmetric fluorinations (this work). [F+], electrophilic fluorine reagents; [F−], nucleophilic fluorine reagents; PTC, phase-transfer catalyst; [M], metal catalyst; L, ligand; HBPTC, hydrogen bonding phase-transfer catalysis; [O], oxidant; m-CPBA, Meta-Chloroperoxybenzoic acid.