Fig. 3: Electrochemical performance of asymmetric and symmetric Li metal cells using various separators.
From: Atomic-scale regulation of anionic and cationic migration in alkali metal batteries

a Coulombic efficiencies of Li| |Cu cells with PP, anatase TiO2/PP, GO/PP, and Ti0.87O2/PP separators with an area capacity of 1 mAh cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2. Voltage profiles of Li plating/stripping processes in Li| |Cu cells with (b) Ti0.87O2/PP and (c) PP separators with an area capacity of 1 mAh cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2. d Voltage-time profiles of Li plating/stripping processes in Li| |Li cells with PP and Ti0.87O2/PP separators with selected voltage-time profiles for the (e) 21–25 h, (f) 96–100 h, and (g) 201–205 h.