Fig. 3: SARS-CoV-2 infection causes an early loss of motile cilia.

A Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of a massively infected cell at 2 dpi (left) with a lack of cilia and an accumulation of viral particles at the surface of membrane ruffles (enlarged in right panel). B SEM image of an infected cell at 2 dpi with few remaining cilia (left) and scattered viral particles (vp) at the plasma membrane (right). C, D SEM images of infected cells at 2 dpi showing cilia abnormalities, including shortened misshapen cilia (D left, enlarged in middle panels) and crescent-shaped proximal axonemes (E). E SEM image of pleiomorphic SARS-CoV-2 viral particles.