Fig. 1: Loss of TER94 function induces nuclear expansion. | Nature Communications

Fig. 1: Loss of TER94 function induces nuclear expansion.

From: VCP maintains nuclear size by regulating the DNA damage-associated MDC1–p53–autophagy axis in Drosophila

Fig. 1

a A cartoon depiction of Drosophila compound eye. The photon-detecting rhabdomere and the R1-R7 nuclei are indicated. Two dash lines mark cross-section of R1-R6 and R7 nuclei with the corresponding rhabdomeres. b Confocal images of 5-day-old adult retinas expressing indicated transgenes under the control of Rh1-GAL4 stained with phalloidin (red) and anti-Lamin (green) antibody. c Quantification of cross-section area of R1-R6 nuclei from flies of indicated genotypes. The number of independent nuclei measured are 84 (LacZ), 72 (TER94WT), 96 (TER94K2A), and 67 (TER94A229E). Values shown are arbitrary units (a.u.) representing mean (black line) ± SE (red line). One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test, ***p < 1.0e–15 compared to Rh1 > LacZ. d Top: 3D-rendering of R1-R6 nuclei from Rh1 > LacZ and Rh1 > TER94K2A unit eyes. Individual nuclei are color-coded. Bottom: Quantitative comparison of R1-R6 nuclear volume and sphericity from Rh1 > LacZ (n = 39) and Rh1 > TER94K2A (n = 40/volume and 43/sphericity). Values shown represent mean ± SE (Student’s t test, two-tailed, nuclear volume: ***p < 1.0e–15; sphericity: p = 0.1369, ns not significant). e Confocal images of 5-day-old adult retinas expressing indicated transgenes stained with phalloidin (red), anti-Lamin (magenta), and anti-NPC (green). f Left: An adult eye bearing TER94K15502 clone is stained with phalloidin (red) and anti-Lamin (magenta) antibody. One homozygous TER94K15502 cell (arrowhead), marked by the absence of myr.GFP in the rhabdomere (-), contains enlarged nucleus. Dash lines outline R cell boundaries. Right: Quantification of the nuclear cross-section area of normal (+/+) or TER94 heterozygous (+/TER94K15502) versus TER94K15502 cells is shown. The number of independent nuclei measured are 15 (+/+ or + /TER94K15502) and 10 (TER94K15502). Student’s t test, two-tailed, ***p = 5.3e–12. g Confocal images of 5-day-old adult retinas expressing GFP-NLS (green) alone (-) or co-expressing GFP-NLS and TER94K2A stained with phalloidin (red) and anti-Lamin (magenta). The R7 photoreceptors with active Rh4-GAL4 are GFP-NLS labeled. The arrows indicate the enlarged nuclei of R7 expressing TER94K2A, and the arrowheads indicate the normal nuclei. The number of independent experiments performed: 2 (e), 6 (g). Scale bars: 10 µm (b, g), 5 µm (e, f).

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