Fig. 1: Embeddedness structure of triadic family networks.

A, B The call network of a randomly drawn family from our dataset during the week prior to the earthquake (A) and the first week after the earthquake (B) are illustrated. Node size corresponds to degree centrality; edge width to communications frequency, i.e., tie strength. Red nodes are family plan members; yellow nodes are embedded with family members; gray nodes are unembedded alters. C Illustrates our concept of embeddedness structure where an edge (dotted line) represents embeddedness relations (i.e., edge if two nodes share at least one friend; no edge if pair have no shared friends) rather than direct ties or communications frequency (as is the case for standard network graphs, such as A and B). There are four basic types of embeddedness structures for three-person families; a family can be fully embedded (type 4; 60.4%) or completely unembedded (type 1; 7.4%) even when the members have direct communications with each other.