Fig. 1: Paradigms of the Pacific meridional overturning circulation (PMOC).
From: Diffusion controls the ventilation of a Pacific Shadow Zone above abyssal overturning
Schematic of the PMOC as envisioned by the standard conveyor paradigm (a) and by the shadowed conveyor paradigm (b). PMOC streamlines are black and diapycnal diffusion is indicated by double-headed red arrows. The deep overturning cell carries Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) northward. For the shadowed conveyor, the deep overturning is vertically compressed and separated from the mode/intermediate-water circulation of the upper ocean by a shadow zone characterized by relatively weak vertical mixing (light-red arrows).
