Fig. 2: Seasonal TC activity variations due to topography.
From: Central American mountains inhibit eastern North Pacific seasonal tropical cyclone activity
Topography (m) used in a control (CTL), b no mountains (NMT), and c no mountain gaps (NGP) experiment. Boxplot of seasonal accumulated eastern North Pacific (ENP; 180°W to the North American coast, 0–30°N). d Number of TC genesis and e number of days with TC activity, showing the first quartile, median, and third quartile among CTL, NMT, and NGP simulations. The dashed vertical lines show the lowest and highest datum still within the 1.5 interquartile range (IQR), and the notch displays the confidence interval around the median. Outliers are denoted by dots, and the number on the top of each box indicates the mean value for that set of experiments. f CTL ensemble mean of seasonal TC genesis density (occurrence number decade−1) and the differences using g NMT minus CTL and h NGP minus CTL. i–k Are similar, but for the TC track density (occurrence number decade−1). Gray dots denote statistical confidence at the 95% level based on the two-sided t test.
