Fig. 6: Sensitivity of the ENP TC activity to the Atlantic–Pacific interbasin moisture transport.

a The scatterplot (small transparent dots) of anomalous seasonal-averaged cross-basin integrated water vapor transport (IVT; kg m⁻¹ s⁻¹) and seasonal accumulated number of days with the eastern North Pacific (ENP) TC activity. Red dots denote no mountains (NMT) anomalies, while blue dots denote no mountain gaps (NGP) anomalies. The fractions within each quadrant are listed. The seasonal-averaged cross-basin IVT is area averaged over the box of 95°W–80°W, 10°N–15°N cross the Central America (shown in Fig. 1a). We note this box is carefully selected to exclude the area with significant TC activity changes in the offshore ENP. Binned scatterplots (large solid dots; intervals of 30 kg m⁻¹ s⁻¹) with the linear regression line are overlaid. Error bars are ±1 standard deviation of the binned-seasonal means. Boxplots of monthly variations of anomalous (b) accumulated number of the ENP TC days and (c) cross-basin integrated water vapor transport from control (CTL; black), NMT (red), and NGP (blue) simulations. The notch displays the confidence interval around the median and outliers are denoted by the dots. All anomalies were made by subtracting the corresponding season 6-member ensemble mean from CTL.