Fig. 1: Ion mobility-mass spectrometry technology for the four-dimensional analysis of sterol lipids.

a Statistical analysis of sterol lipids in the LIPID MAPS Structure Database (n = 2832). Left panel, numbers of sterol lipids in four main classes: ST01, sterols; ST02, steroids; ST03, secosteroids; ST04, bile acids, and derivatives; ST05, steroid conjugates. Middle panel, percentages of sterol isomers in the database. Right panel, percentages of sterol lipids with a hydroxyl group in the database. b Schematic illustration of picolinic acid derivatization. c Four-dimensional data acquisition enabled by liquid chromatography-ion mobility-mass spectrometry (LC-IM-MS). d Sterol identification by matching with the four-dimensional sterol library.