Fig. 7: Trends in atmospheric and sea ice conditions in the North Water region since the mid-twentieth century.
From: Vulnerability of the North Water ecosystem to climate change
a Anomaly map showing the difference in May–September sea ice concentration following the extreme AO + anomaly year of 1989 compared to the extreme AO-anomaly year of 1996 and location of the weather station at Pituffik (Thule Air Base). Extreme AO + conditions resulted in 5% sea-ice cover reduction in the ice arch area and an increase in drift ice in the polynya area compared to AO- conditions. b Air temperature anomaly for May–September at Pituffik. c Winter AO index. d. Average sea ice concentrations during May–September for the two regions of interest based on satellite observations (see Methods for details); e, f Fluxes of the sea ice biomarkers IP25 and HBI III, respectively, in the box-core marine sediment record. The grey bar denotes a regime shift in sea ice (declining %) and air temperatures (positive anomalies) after 1998.
