Fig. 2: Egypt’s response.

a Flow of the Nile at Aswan in monthly [black line] and yearly [red line] averages¹⁶ (Supplementary Table 1.20). Blue squares represent the total storage capacity and marks the construction of the Aswan and High Aswan Dams¹² (Supplementary Table 1.19). b production (harvested tonnes) [dotted lines] and yield (production/area) [solid lines] of cereal [black], primary fruit [red], and primary vegetable [blue] crop groupings. 1961 production values are 5.0, 1.9, and 2.8 million tonnes respectively, and 1961 yield values are 29,057, 169,113, and 152,611 hg/ha respectively (Supplementary Table 1.7). c Estimated water available for reuse from direct agricultural drainage reuse, Nile Delta and Valley groundwater, and treated wastewater reuse. The error bars shown account for estimates of wastewater reuse in the absence of data for those years^{22, 23, 25, 51}. Sources for individual components in Supplementary Fig. 9. The black dotted line shows the reuse timeseries used in analysis. d Total Fertility Rate (births/woman) plotted for Egypt [black line], Africa on average [blue line], and the world on average [red line]²⁹ (Supplementary Table 1.5). e Virtual water imports (km³) of agricultural goods (primary and secondary crops and animal products) scaled to Egypt use equivalent (Supplementary Tables 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, and 1.11).