Table 2 Identification of green replacement solvents for LEC ink.

From: A tool for identifying green solvents for printed electronics

Ra

Solvent (CAS number)

Dissolves LEC solutesa

Boiling point (°C)

Viscosity (mPa s)

Surface tension (mN m−1)

GSK25

GHS44, 45

Health

Safety

Environmental

Waste

Composite score

Hazard statementsb

0

Chlorobenzene (108-90-7)

Yes

132

0.81

33.5

4.0

8.9

3.7

6.5

5.4

H226 H312 H315 H319 H332 H411

2.3

Ethoxybenzene (103-73-1)

Yes

170

9.76

32.7

4.9*

9.5

6.7

8.7

7.2

H226

5.5

Anisole (100-66-3)

Yes

154

1.52

34.2

7.5

7.9

6.5

8.0

7.4

H226 H315 H319

5.7

Cyclohexanone (108-94-1)

Yes

155

2.20

35.1

6.5

8.5

6.9

7.2

7.2

H226 H302 H312 H315 H318 H332

6.2

Methyl oleate (112-62-9)

No

218

4.88

31.3

6.3

8.4

6.3

8.1

7.2

H319

7.2

2-Ethylhexyl acetate (103-09-3)

No

199

1.30

27.5

8.4

9.5

4.9

8.7

7.6

H315

7.7

Pentyl acetate (628-63-7)

No

149

0.92

24.7

7.5

8.9

6.7

7.7

7.7

H226

7.7

n-Butyl acetate (123-86-4)

No

126

0.69

23.0

8.9

8.9

4.9

8.0

7.5

H226 H336

  1. Seven green (G > 7) potential replacement solvents are ranked from low to high Ra with the currently employed non-green (G = 5.4) chlorobenzene solvent included at Ra = 0. The table also presents the experimentally verified dissolution capacity, a number of relevant physical parameters, detailed category scores, the overall composite score, and the GHS hazard statements.
  2. aat ≥30 g l−1 concentration.
  3. bH226: Flammable liquid and vapor; H312/H332: Harmful if in contact with skin/if inhaled; H315/H318/H319: Causes skin irritation/serious eye damage/serious eye irritation; H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness; H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects.
  4. *Lack of data result in a lowered subcategory score.
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