Fig. 5: 3-HKA confers immunosuppressive properties to DCs.

a Quantitative IPA analysis depicting biochemical pathways predicted to be up- (orange) or downregulated (blue) in mouse splenic DCs following treatment with 50 ng/ml IFNγ for 24 h in presence or absence of 1 μM 3-HKA, as analyzed by label-free quantitative (LFQ) proteomics. The proteomic data are available at ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository with the dataset identifier PXD015865. For network generation, datasets containing gene identifiers (gene symbols) were uploaded into the IPA application together with their rescaled log2 transformation of average protein’s area ratios which were extracted from label-free quantitative (LFQ) MS1 analysis provided by the PEAKS Q module implemented in PEAKS 8.0/8.5. The probability of having a relationship between each IPA indexed biological function and the experimentally determined genes was calculated by the right-tailed built-in Fisher’s exact test. The level of significance was set to a p-value of <0.05. b Volcano-plot of the mouse splenic DC proteome from cells treated with 50 ng/ml IFNγ for 24 h in presence or absence of 1 μM 3-HKA (Supplementary Fig. 4a). Proteins in green are downregulated while those in red are upregulated (full proteomic data analysis is presented in Supplementary Data 2). Statistical significance (by one-way ANOVA for group comparison built-in the PEAKS X software) of p < 0.05 is represented by the horizontal line. c Quantitative analysis of pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines secreted by monocytes-derived human DCs treated or untreated with 1 µM 3-HKA and with 50 ng/ml IFN-γ for 24 h. Data are reported as average ± SD of n = 4 biologically independent replicates (each calculated from 3 technical replicates). Significance levels are reported as p < 0.05 (*), p < 0.01 (**), and p < 0.001 (***) (two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test). Source data are provided as Source data file.