Fig. 8: 3-HKA treatment reduces inflammatory infiltration in psoriasis.

a Representative immunoblot analysis of the NF-κΒ pathway-associated proteins p65 and pIκΒα as detected in skin samples from the same mice reported in (Fig. 7a). b Densitometry of immunoblot blot bands was normalized to IgG levels present in skin lysates. Data from n = 4 biologically independent replicates are reported as average ± SD. Significance levels are reported as p < 0.05 (*), p < 0.01 (**), and p < 0.001 (***) (two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test). c) Flow cytometry analysis of lymph node of untreated (n = 4), imiquimod (n = 7), or 3-HKA plus imiquimod-treated C57BL/6J mice (n = 7). Representative plot of CD4⁺/FoxP3⁺ cells. Bar graph report % of CD4⁺/FoxP3⁺ cells for each analyzed mouse. Data are reported as average ± SEM analyzed by unpaired Student’s t test, two-tailed (untreated vs. imiquimod—**p = 0.0017, untreated vs. imiquimod 3-HKA—*p = 0.022, imiquimod vs imiquimod 3-HKA—ns p = 0.219). d Representative plot of ICOS⁺/Ki67⁺ CD8⁺ T cells. Bar graph report % of ICOS⁺/Ki67⁺ CD8 T cells for each analyzed mouse. Untreated (n = 4), imiquimod (n = 7), or 3-HKA plus imiquimod-treated C57BL6/J mice (n = 7). Data are reported as average ± SEM analyzed by unpaired student’s t test, two-tailed (untreated vs imiquimod—**p = 0.0054, untreated vs. imiquimod plus 3-HKA—*p = 0.021, imiquimod vs imiquimod plus 3-HKA—*p = 0.028). e Representative plot of ICOS⁺/Ki67⁺CD4⁺ T cells. Bar graph report % of ICOS⁺/Ki67⁺CD4⁺ T cells for each analyzed mouse. Untreated (n = 4), imiquimod (n = 7), or 3-HKA plus imiquimod-treated C57BL6/J mice (n = 7). Data are reported as average ± SEM analyzed by unpaired Student’s t test, two-tailed (untreated vs. imiquimod—***p = 0.0004, untreated vs. imiquimod plus 3-HKA—*p = 0.0112, imiquimod vs imiquimod 3-HKA—ns p = 0.512) (Supplementary Fig. 5). Source data for (a–c) are provided as Source data file.