Fig. 3: DEGs from earlier studies show increased parasite circulation time in low vs high parasitaemias.

a Heatmaps (top) and log₂ expression value curves (bottom) in P. falciparum HB3 reference along the 48 h IDC in vitro according to Bozdech et al.²⁰ of DEGs upregulated in low parasitaemia samples in Milner et al. and Yamagishi et al., and non-severe samples in Lee et al. and Tonkin-Hill et al.; and DEGs upregulated in high parasitaemias or severe malaria cases of the same studies. For log₂ expression value curves (bottom) data indicates median ± IQR. b Time of peak transcription in P. falciparum HB3 reference along the 48 h IDC in vitro (left) and the predicted stage composition (right) according to Painter et al.²⁴ of DEGs upregulated in low parasitaemia samples or in non-severe samples in Milner et al. (n = 58), Yamagishi et al. (n = 36), Lee et al. (n = 46), and Tonkin-Hill et al. (n = 44), and DEGs upregulated in high parasitaemias or severe malaria cases of the same studies. c Heatmaps (top) and log₂ expression value curves (bottom) in P. falciparum HB3 reference along the 48 h IDC in vitro according to Bozdech et al.²⁰ of DEGs upregulated in samples from a low transmission area, and upregulated in samples from a high transmission area in Rono et al. For log₂ expression value curves (bottom) data indicates median ± IQR. d Predicted stage composition according to Painter et al.²⁴ of DEGs upregulated in samples from a low transmission area and DEGs and upregulated in samples from a high transmission area in Rono et al. (n = 96). e Heatmaps (top) and log₂ expression value curves (bottom) in P. falciparum HB3 reference along the 48 h IDC in vitro according to Bozdech et al.²⁰ of DEGs upregulated in each of the cluster comparisons described by Daily et al. f Time of peak transcription in P. falciparum HB3 reference along the 48 h IDC in vitro (left) and the predicted stage composition (right) according to Painter et al.²⁴ of DEGs upregulated in each of the cluster comparisons described by Daily et al. (n = 43. For log₂ expression value curves (bottom) data indicates median ± IQR. Data in b, d, and f indicate median ± IQR; two-tailed Mann–Whitney test (left), and two-tailed exact Fisher’s done over absolute values of DEGs assigned to developmental stages (right).