Fig. 2: Serum cytokine, soluble cytokine receptor, chemokine, and growth factor profiles in non-ICU and ICU COVID-19 patients.
From: The cytokines HGF and CXCL13 predict the severity and the mortality in COVID-19 patients
a Heat-map representing the mean serum cytokine levels detected in healthy subjects (N = 450), non-ICU (N = 55) and ICU (N = 43) patients. Blue-to-yellow color code represents low-to-high average cytokine levels. Cytokine level similarities are represented by a dendrogram constructed by hiearachical clustering. b Levels of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-15), cytokine receptor (IL-1RA), chemokines (CCL2, CCL4, CCL11, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL13) and growth factors (NGF-β, EGF, HGH, LIF, PIGF-1, and VEGF-A) in healthy subjects (N = 450), non-ICU (N = 55) and ICU (N = 43) patients. Blue plots correspond to healthy subjects (HS), red plots corresponds to non-ICU patients and green plots correspond to ICU patients. Dotted line represents the upper normal values. Black stars indicate statistical significance between ICU or non-ICU patients and healthy subjects. Statistical significance (P values) was obtained using two-sided Kruskal–Wallis test, using a Bonferroni correction. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. Exact P values are available in Source Data file.
