Fig. 6: The antitumour effect of LIA to inhibit primary and abscopal tumour growth.

a Schematic illustration of LIA-mediated antitumour effect to inhibit primary tumour and abscopal tumour growth. b, c Tumour volumes of 4T1 primary tumours (b) and abscopal tumours (c) were evaluated (n = 8). d, Images of the 4T1 primary tumours and abscopal tumours from different groups at day 24. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 represent tumour images from mice treated with PBS, Laser, LIA, Free Ce6+L, DP-Ce6+L and LIA+L at an equivalent Ce6 dose of 3 mg/kg, respectively, scale bar is 1 cm. e–j T-cell infiltration was analysed 7 days after the final treatment. e–g Flow cytometry data of CD3⁺ CD8⁺ cell proportion in T cells in abscopal tumours (e), spleens (f) and CD4⁺ CD25⁺ foxp3⁺ cell proportion in CD4⁺ T cells (g). e–g experiments were performed three times independently, representative images are shown. h–j Statistical analysis of CD3⁺ CD8⁺ cell proportion in T cells in abscopal tumours (h), spleens (i) and CD4⁺ CD25⁺ foxp3⁺ cell proportion in CD4⁺ T cells (j). k, l Antitumour efficiency tested on CT26 bilateral tumour model. Tumour volumes of CT26 primary tumours (k) and abscopal tumours (l) were evaluated (n = 8). m Representative immunofluorescence images of CD8⁺ (green) and CD4⁺ (red) cells infiltrated into abscopal tumours in CT26 tumour model with different treatments. Scale bar, 50 μm. Experiments in m were performed three times independently, representative images are shown. Data in b, c and k, l are presented as mean ± s.d. (n = 8). Data in h, i, j are presented as mean ± s.d. (n = 3). Statistically significant differences between groups were identified by one-way ANOVA. ****P < 0.0001, ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05.