Fig. 1: Examples of hypothesized facial configurations for emotion categories, based on the facial action units (AUs) listed in Supplementary Table 1.

All facial configurations except “awe” and “contempt” based on those depicted in ref. 12; “awe” configuration based on ref. 9; “contempt” configuration based on ref. 96. Facial configurations were created in FaceGen (Singular Inversions, Inc., Toronto, ON, CA), with AUs set to 100% intensity, except where this would yield visible distortions—in those cases, AUs were set to 80% intensity.