Fig. 5: Powder INS of Na₂Co₂TeO₆.

a Powder INS using 11.4 meV incident neutron for NCTO at 3 K on spectrometer HRC. The high-temperature data (95 K) was subtracted as background and the thermal effect was simulated by the Bose factor. b The calculated powder-averaged scattering including the magnetic form factor with K = Γ =0.125 meV, J = −2.325 meV, and J₃ = 2.5 meV. The black and white dashed lines label M and K points at the first Brillouin zone with Q = 0.72 and 0.83 Å ⁻¹, respectively. c Constant-E cuts over the energy ranges centered at the locations labeled dashed lines in Fig. 5d. The solid blue line is constant-E cuts over the energy ranges centered at 0.66 meV from our LSWT. The absence of structured scattering below 0.4 meV confirms the gap in the magnetic excitation spectrum. d Powder inelastic neutron scattering using 5 Å (~3.27 meV) incident neutrons for NCTO at T = 3 K on spectrometer NEAT II, HZB, Deutschland.