Fig. 4: Micromachine 1: the touchless micro-feed-roller.

Frames from Supplementary Movie 9 at time a t = 0 s, b 12 s, and c 27 s, depicting the position of a 20-μm-diameter polystyrene microbead propelled (with the direction indicated by yellow arrows) by a touchless micro-feed-roller. A plot of Cartesian coordinates of the bead from t = 0 to 27 s is superimposed on the image in (c), with bead velocity indicated in a heat map (yellow = stationary, red = 40 μm/s). Frames from Supplementary Movie 10 depicting the translation of a B-16 cell translated at d 35 μm/s by an OET-bridged touchless micro-feed-roller and e 13 μm/s by the light pattern alone. f Plot of maximum translation velocity (left axis) and corresponding force (right axis) as a function of bias voltage for the manipulation of B-16 cells by OET-bridged touchless micro-feed-roller (red) and light pattern (OET) alone (gray). Error bars represent ±1 SD from five measurements for each condition. g Schematic of an OET-bridged touchless micro-feed-roller used to cause a microbead to hop into a circular micro-corral. Frames from Supplementary Movie 11 illustrating the use of an OET-bridged touchless micro-feed-roller to cause a 15-μm-diameter microbead to (h) hop into a circular micro-corral and (i) hop onto a micro-plateau. Dashed red lines with arrowheads indicate the direction of rotation of micromotors in relevant panels.