Fig. 5: XANES spectra measurements of fresh 1T0.81-MoS2@Ni2P catalyst and after being used in the HER process at −0.04, −0.1, and −0.2 V vs RHE, respectively.

a Ni K-edge XANES spectra of 1T0.81-MoS2@Ni2P catalyst and standards Ni foil, NiO, and NiO2. Inset, Magnified pre-edge XANES region. b Mo L-edge XANES spectra of 1T0.81-MoS2@Ni2P catalyst and standards MoS2, MoO2, and MoO3. c S K-edge XANES spectra of 1T0.81-MoS2@Ni2P catalyst and standards MoS2, and FeSO4. d P K-edge XANES spectra of 1T0.81-MoS2@Ni2P catalyst and standards CH2-P(OH)3, and FeSO4.