Fig. 2: Decreased dietary fat absorption in Bmal1^iKO mice.

a Food efficiency of Bmal1^iKO and control mice during 10 weeks feeding on HFD. b Intestinal TAG levels in Bmal1^iKO and control mice after 10 weeks feeding on chow or HFD. c Oil red O staining of proximal small intestine from Bmal1^iKO and control mice after 10 weeks feeding on HFD. Scale bar, 50 μm. d Fecal TAG levels in Bmal1^iKO and control mice after 10 weeks feeding on chow or HFD. e Serum TAG and FFA levels in fasted and refed Bmal1^iKO and control mice. Mice were fasted for 12 h followed by HFD re-feeding for 1 h. f Oil red O staining of proximal small intestine from fasted and refed Bmal1^iKO and control mice. Mice were treated as in e. Scale bar, 50 μm. g Electron microscopic images of proximal small intestine from fasted and refed Bmal1^iKO and control mice. Scale bar, 5 μm. h Serum TAG (left) and FFA (right) levels in Bmal1^iKO and control mice after oral gavage of olive oil (10 μl/g). The insert shows the AUC (area under the curve) values for serum TAG. i Image of serum samples (left) and measurements of serum CM (right). Samples were derived from Bmal1^iKO and control mice at 2 h after oral gavage of olive oil (10 μl/g). j Intestinal TAG levels in Bmal1^iKO and control mice at 2 h after oral gavage of olive oil. k Oil red O staining of proximal small intestine from Bmal1^iKO and control mice at 2 h after oral gavage of olive oil. Scale bar, 100 μm. l Hepatic TAG levels in Bmal1^iKO and control mice at 2 h after oral gavage of olive oil. m Oil red O staining of livers from Bmal1^iKO and control mice at 2 h after oral gavage of olive oil. Scale bar, 100 μm. All data points are mean ± SD (n = 6 biologically independent samples). For c (left), f (left), g, k and m, similar results were obtained in six independent experiments. *represents a p value of < 0.05 (two-sided t test or two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test). CM, chylomicrons.