Fig. 5: Gene expression profiling of RIG versus de novo GBM.

a Clustering of RIGs with microarray-based transcriptomic data (n = 13) versus de novo pediatric GBM (n = 24), infant GBM (n = 4), and adult GBM (n = 14) using t-SNE analysis. b Heatmap of genes whose mean expression differs between RIG Groups A and B (n = 2961, P < 0.05) (Labels A1–A6 represent subgroup A RIG tumors and B1–B7 represent subgroup B tumors). The scale represents fold change of Group A vs. Group B. c Upper panel: methylation clustering showing locations of RIGs versus PedRTK I and GBM reference clusters; Lower panel: methylation-based clustering of RIGs showing transcriptomic group A and group B locations. Despite overlap of a few samples, group A and group B clustered separately by methylation (P < 0.05); d Metascape analysis based on GO genesets shows cellular pathways and processes that differ based on gene expression between RIG and de novo GBM (from panel A); color scale represents the P value; comparisons are non-directional between sample sets. e GSEA using GO genesets identifies differences in gene expression between RIG and de novo GBM (from panel A); number scale represents the log of the FDR (with FDR = 0 set to a value of 5 for purposes of plotting); colors represent the ratio of GSEA normalized enrichment score (NES) of RIG/de novo GBM. GO gene ontology, GSEA geneset enrichment analysis, RIG radiation-induced high-grade glioma, GBM glioblastoma, FDR false discovery rate.