Fig. 1: Characterization of invasive intravascular RCC tumors.
From: Determinants of renal cell carcinoma invasion and metastatic competence
a MRI scan of a patient with a clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and inferior vena cava (IVC) thrombus. Coronal T1-weighted fat saturated contrast-enhanced spoiled gradient echo image acquired during the nephrographic phase shows a large left renal mass (white dotted line) extending into the proximal renal vein (black arrowhead). Tumor thrombus extends into the IVC (yellow dotted line) with its distal tip (yellow arrowhead) above the diaphragm and entering the right atrium (Level IV). A large heterogeneous left adrenal metastasis (green dotted line) is present. b Macroscopic image of a primary tumor (PT) and tumor thrombus (TT) from the same patient. c Summarized architectural patterns (indolent (microcystic) to aggressive (solid sheet)) within PT (inner circle) and TT (outer circle) in 71 ccRCC patients with intravascular TT. d Representation of microscopic analysis of PT-TT paired samples based on grade. e Illustration showing multi-region sampling of invasive tumor samples for sequencing, PDX generation, and histological analyses. PT primary tumor, TT-A adjacent thrombus, TT-M middle thrombus, TT-D distal thrombus. f Overview of mutations, CNVs, and clinical parameters for ccRCC patients.
