Fig. 1: Monolayer salt nanostructures.

a, b Top views of snapshots of a monolayer NaCl nanocrystals (polycrystals) and b LiCl non-crystalline nanostructures formed within confined water at the end of 1 μs simulations using the TIP4P53 and Charmm27 force fields for water and ions, respectively. c, d Enlarged views of c polycrystalline domains of 2D NaCl nanocrystal and d non-crystalline nanostructure of 2D LiCl monolayer. Water molecules were displayed as red-white lines, whereas Na+, Li+, and Cl− ions were represented as blue, pink, and cyan spheres, respectively.