Fig. 4: Lineage diversity sampled in Rwanda across four time points: May–Jul 2020 (n = 28), Aug–Oct 2020 (n = 86), Nov–Dec 2020 (n = 74), Jan–Feb 2021 (n = 28).

Lineage B.1.380, a Rwanda-specific lineage, dominated the sampled diversity during the first wave. Lineage A.23.1 first appeared in Rwanda in October 2020, and quickly attained a significant proportion of the sampled SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences. More recently, we detected and sequenced single cases of the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 VOCs, associated with incoming travelers from Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, respectively. n: number of positive SARS-CoV-2 samples sequenced.