Fig. 4: Radio-frequency tuning properties.
From: Electro-optic spatial light modulator from an engineered organic layer
a An AC voltage source drives the modulators and the introduced intensity modulation is detected with a lock-in amplifier. Inset: The utilized pulse scheme combines a DC offset voltage with an AC voltage. b–d Three different resonances are investigated: mode I. (at 1480 nm) and II. (at 1160 nm) for wfield = 1 μm (hAu = 50 nm) and mode I. (at 1350 nm) for wfield = 0.9 μm (hAu = 40 nm). The operation point (OP) is marked by the colored bullet. e Detailed wavelength-resolved modulation depth (solid vertical bar represents η = 25%) for wfield = 1 μm at \({f}_{{{{{{{{\rm{mod}}}}}}}}}=100\) kHz reveals a linear dependence of the maximum intensity modulation \({\eta }_{\max }\) (dashed vertical bars) on the applied Vpeak (shown in f, for mode I. and g for mode II.)). A similar behavior is reported for a second modulator with wfield = 0.9 μm (shown in h). In all devices, we achieve a maximal modulation strength up to 30–40%. i The modulation strength (normalized to its value at 100 kHz) is reported for one pixel of the 2 × 2 SLM shown in the inset (scale bar = 200 μm) as a function of \({f}_{{{{{{{{\rm{mod}}}}}}}}}\), where the full (empty) circles are experimental (analytical) data. A 3 dB decay close to 50 MHz is observed (further details in Supplementary Note 4F). RF radio frequency, AC alternating current.
