Table 1 Clinical and laboratory features of SSc patients.

From: Interleukin-31 promotes fibrosis and T helper 2 polarization in systemic sclerosis

Characteristic

Elevated IL-31 levels (n = 43)

Normal IL-31 levels (n = 31)

Sex, no. of women/men

40/3

27/4

Age at onset, median (quartiles) years

44 (30–63)

53 (38–67)

Disease duration, median (quartiles) years

1 (0–4)

1 (0–3)

Disease pattern, No. with dcSSc/lcSSc

39/4***

16/15

MRSS, median (quartiles) points

14 (10–20)***

8 (3–12)

Cutaneous vascular symptoms

Raynaud’s phenomenon

93

90

Nail fold bleeding

67

52

Telangiectasia

53

45

Pitting scars

51

45

Digital ulcers

37

32

Organ involvement

Lungs

Pulmonary fibrosis

84***

35

%VC, median (quartiles) %

81 (70–90)***

93 (78–104)

%DLco, median (quartiles) %

74 (60–88)**

88 (74–94)

Pulmonary hypertension

5

6

Esophagus

86*

65

Kidneys

5

0

Laboratory features

IL-4, median (quartiles) pg/ml

16.2 (13.4–19.8)**

13.4 (11.0–14.7)

IL-6, median (quartiles) pg/ml

6.13 (2.7–25.0)**

2.50 (1.8–4.3)

IL-13, median (quartiles) pg/ml

49.8 (42.2–65.3)*

45.7 (31.2–53.8)

  1. Unless noted otherwise, values are in percentage. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs. patient with SSc with normal serum IL-31 levels. Significance was determined by Fisher’s exact probability test for comparison of proportions and two-tailed Mann–Whitney U test for quantitative variables. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.