Fig. 5: Mo, Nd, and Hf isotopes and Hf/Nd of Pagan and NW Rota-1 volcanic rocks.

Plots of a δ^98/95Mo vs. εNd, b δ^98/95Mo vs. εHf, c εHf vs. εNd, and d δ^98/95Mo vs. Hf/Nd for the Pagan and NW Rota-1 samples unaffected by amphibole fractional crystallization, illustrating the slab dehydration/melting process. The Izu, other Mariana volcanic front, average Mariana sediments, and 801 C AMOC Super Composite data are also plotted for comparison. The depleted mantle 1 (DM1), DM2, 700 °C slab fluid, 4 GPa slab melt, and 6 GPa slab melt compositions are listed in Supplementary Table 1. The numbers on the mixing curves between different compositions represent the mass percentage of the slab fluid/melt. The solid black line in (c) is the boundary of Hf–Nd isotopic composition between the Indian and Pacific Ocean mantle domains^50,54. The Hf–Nd isotopic trend of the Mariana Trough (MT) mantle is according to Woodhead et al.⁵³. SD standard deviation. The symbols and data source are as in Fig. 3.