Fig. 2: Counterfactual scenarios (1990–2020) assessing the cumulative impact of: changes in harvest (CF1); changes in forest growth rate (CF2); changes in burnt area (CF3); changes in forest area (CF4); total harvest (CF5); and total fire (CF6) on C-dynamics.

Panels (a) and (b) show the global country-level gross and net CF C budgets (GtC) and changes in biomass density (tC/ha), respectively, with negative (red) and positive values (blue) indicating net emissions and sinks, respectively, error bars indicate the range of C budgets estimated across the five sensitivity analyses performed to test the model robustness (see Supplementary Fig. 5 for additional figures showing the net difference between CF and actual C budgets and changes in biomass density, Supplementary Table 3 and Supplementary Fig. 5 for results from sensitivity analyses). Maps show the effects of c CF1; d CF2; e CF3; f CF4; g CF5; h CF6, and are represented as the % of actual biomass C stocks that would be reached in each CF in 2020. Values above 100% (red) indicate that actual change result in net C emissions while values below 100% (blue) indicate that actual change result in a net C sink.