Fig. 4: Verification of topological nodal-line structure by ARPES measurements in the paramagnetic state of EuAs3.

a Photon energy-dependent plot of photoemission intensity in the kz–ky plane taken at EF −0.2 eV. b Photoemission intensity map of constant energy contours at 0.5 eV below EF in the kx–kz plane, the data were collected using photons with hν = 55 eV. c The Brillouin zone (BZ) of EuAs3, with high-symmetry points and (010) surface labeled. d The band dispersions along ky direction probed by different photon energies. The calculations plotted by the black dotted curves superimposed on the experimental electronic structure. The red ellipse illustrates the topological nontrivial nodal loop schematically. e The band dispersions along cuts 1–4 as indicated in b, respectively. f Corresponding energy-distribution curves (EDCs) taken at different photon energies.