Table 1 The good practice policies that were assumed to be replicated globally in the Bridge scenario, with differentiated targets for high-income and low-/medium-income countries, adapted from earlier analysis of good practice policies7,8,9.
From: Global roll-out of comprehensive policy measures may aid in bridging emissions gap
Sector | Measure | High-income countries | Low-/medium-income countries | Other (differs per measure) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
AFOLU (Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use) | Treat manure from livestock with anaerobic digesters—Reduction of CH4 emissions from manure, relative to 2015 | 33% by 2030 | 15% by 2030 | |
Increase nitrogen use efficiency—Reduction of N2O emissions from fertilizer, relative to 2015 | 10% by 2030 | 5% by 2030 | ||
Selective breeding to reduce CH4 emissions from enteric fermentation—Emission factor reduction (CH4/tonne milk and/or beef) or emissions reduction, relative to 2015 | 10% by 2030 | 0% by 2030 | ||
Increase natural forest afforestation and reforestation—rates for three tiers (different than high- and low-income): % increase in forest area per year, for 2015–2030 | Tier 1 (China, Latin America): 2%/year | Tier 2 (South & South East Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, Australia): 1%/year | Tier 3 (Europe, Turkey, 23% of Russia, USA): 0.5% /year | |
Halt natural forest deforestation | 0 ha/year by 2030 | 0 ha/year by 2030 | ||
Energy supply | No new installations of unabated coal power plants | By 2025 | By 2030 | |
Increase of the share of renewables in total electricity generation per year (starting in 2020, until 2050 and up to 50%, maximum) | 1.4%-point increase per year | 1.4%-point increase per year | ||
Coal mine CH4 emissions recovery | 30% by 2030 | 30% by 2030 | ||
Reduce venting and flaring of CH4 and CO2— emission reduction, relative to 2015 | 36% by 2030 | 36% by 2030 | ||
Buildings | Improve final energy efficiency of appliances compared to 2015 (autonomous improvement as well as due to policy) | 17% by 2030 (starting in 2018) | 7% by 2030 (starting in 2025) | |
Improve final energy intensity of new residential and commercial buildings | 22 & 30 kWh/(m2 yr) by 2025 | 22 & 30 kWh/(m2 yr) by 2035 | EU: 35 & 40 kWh/(m2 yr) by 2025 | |
No new installations of oil boiler capacity in new and existing residential and commercial buildings | By 2030 | By 2040 | EU: by 2020 | |
Improve efficiency of existing buildings—Share of existing buildings being renovated | 11% by 2030 | 6% by 2030 | ||
Industry | Apply CCS—Carbon captured and stored as share of industry’s total CO2 emissions (model-dependent) | 1.5% by 2030 | 1.5% by 2040 | |
Improve final energy efficiency, relative to 2015 | 11% by 2030 | 6% by 2030 | ||
Reduce N2O emissions from adipic/acid production—reduction, relative to 2015 | 99% by 2030 | 99% by 2030 | ||
Transport | Improve energy efficiency of aviation, starting in 2018 | 0.78% per year by 2030 | 0.78% per year by 2030 | |
Improve average fuel efficiency of new passenger cars | 38 km/l by 2030 | 27 km/l by 2030 | ||
Increase the share of non-fossil in new vehicle sales | 50% by 2030 | 25% by 2030 | China: 25% by 2025 | |
Waste | Reduce CH4 emissions, relative to 2015 | 55% by 2030 | 28% by 2030 | |
Economy-wide | Carbon pricing—pathways for three tiers (different than high- and low-income) | Tier 1 (OECD, EU): 40 USD/tCO2 by 2030 | Tier 2 (Russia, Eastern Europe, China, Korea, Latin America): 25 USD/tCO2 by 2030 | Tier 3 (all others): 10 USD/tCO2 by 2030 |
Reduce F-gas emissions, induced by policies, relative to 2015 | 60% by 2030 | 38% by 2030 |
