Fig. 5: Tuning energy propagation in organic nanostructures by refractive index engineering of the external environment.

a–c Mean square displacement of PDA, PDI and PIC samples (static refractive index ~1.55–1.6579,80) with an air gap (dark blue, red or green), polymer (light blue, red or green) and oil (black) atop of the sample. The polymer PMMA or PDMS has a refractive index ~1.4 and oil a refractive index of ~1.55; the choice of polymer is guided by sample preparation requirements (see Supplementary Note 14). As the refractive index of the sample and external environment become matched, ultrafast, ultralong transport akin to that observed in Fig. 3 disappears. Solid lines (top panel) are guides to the eye.